Several phytotechnologies have been developed for the treatment of soils contaminated with organic compounds and/or trace elements, or for a sustainable exploitation of metalliferous soils inadequate for conventional agroforestry. These plant-based techniques can allow for a sustainable and profitable management of such sites, within the concept of phytomanagement. A careful consideration of implicated factors affecting the success of these technologies and the adequate optimization of their implementation is of vital importance before they can be fully developed. When choosing the most appropriate technique, special attention should be given to the nature and bioavailability of the contaminants, additional edaphic or biotic limitations, as well as, defining the objectives of the treatment in terms of the final land-use and aimed endpoint contaminant concentration(s). Native species naturally growing at the targeted contaminated sites or endemic to metalliferous soils frequently show optimal survival and performance and avoid the risks associated with the introduction of alien plants. The application of soil amendments, fertilizers, and optimal cropping patterns can ameliorate adverse soil properties and permit successful long-term plant establishment and growth. The role of plant-associated microorganisms, such as those inhabiting the rhizosphere, has been longer recognized for the remediation of organic contaminants, particularly in the case of hydrophobic compounds. More recently new strategies based on the application of plant-associated microorganisms with growth promoting properties (e.g., mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting bacteria) or the ability to modify contaminant bioavailability have been incorporated into phytotechnologies targeting both TE-enriched soils and soils contaminated with organics. A growing number of phytoremediation-orientated field based trials can be found in the literature, but field assessments of the potential benefits of novel strategies able to improve phytomanagement success, such as the use of plant-associated microbial inoculants, is still required